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Lab 08 Abdomen VHD Worksheet

 

  1. Use the Anatomy menu to “Hide All” anatomy on the 3D model.
  2. Under Anatomy>Systems, add the Axial skeleton and the bones of the pelvic girdle (found with bones of the lower limb)
  3. Using the Dissect tool, remove the costal cartilages and sternum.
  4. Use the Anatomy menu to add and highlight: the diaphragm, abdominal aorta, thoracic aorta, esophagus, and IVC.
  5. Select the “Move” tool and double click on the axial cross section to make it bigger.
  6. Use the up/down arrows to scroll to slice 491.

 

QUESTION 1: The esophagus and aorta are _________ to the diaphragm.

    • a. Anterior
    • b. Posterior
    • c. Within

 

QUESTION 2: The IVC is _________ the diaphragm.

  • a. Anterior to
  • b. Posterior to
  • c. Within

 

QUESTION 3: Use the dissect tool to identify the large organ that is closely associated with the IVC.

___________________

 

  1. Un-highlight the diaphragm.
  2. On the 3D model, select the “Rotate” tool and rotate the model upwards to see that the IVC goes through the central tendon of the diaphragm.
  3. Dissect the diaphragm.
  4. Add and highlight the stomach and duodenum.
  5. Add (but don’t highlight) the spleen and pancreas.

Use the rotate and zoom tools to inspect these organs on the 3D model.

QUESTION 4: The right-most part of the pancreas touches the _________ and the left-most part touches the ___________.

 

  1. Add and highlight the gallbladder, right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, common bile duct, cystic duct, and pancreatic duct. The ducts do not highlight in a very good color! It’s kind of a yucky pink/brown, but it’s what we got.
  2. The axial cross section should still be large. Scroll to slice 551.
  3. On the axial section, locate the cystic duct and common hepatic duct.
  4. Scroll down to slice 604 and follow the duct with your eyes.

 

QUESTION 5: On slice 604, the bile duct is within the tissue or which organ? ____________

  1. Scroll down to slice 619 and follow the duct with your eyes.

 

QUESTION 6: On slice 619, the bile duct has changed names! What is it? ____________

 

QUESTION 7: This implies that the bile duct has met another duct. Which one? ____________

 

QUESTION 8: The structure from the previous question is within the wall of what organ?

____________

 

  1. Remove the cross sections for a moment.
  2. Rotate the 3D model to see the posterior side and zoom as needed.
  3. Dissect off a few ribs and the IVC to better see the relationship of the biliary ducts and the pancreas.
  4. Now dissect off the pancreas.

 

QUESTION 9: The bile duct runs _________ to the upper part of the duodenum.

  • a. Anterior
  • b. Posterior
  1. With the pancreas gone, you get a better view of the pancreatic duct system.
  2. Turn the 3D model back around to look at the anterior view, zoom as needed

 

QUESTION 10: Does it appear that this person had an accessory pancreatic duct?

  • a. Yes
  • b. No

 

  1. Un-highlight all the organs. As you do, note the so-called “duodenojejunal flexure.” Rotate for a good view of this piece.
  2. Add and highlight the jejunum. You should note that the jejunum added onto the “duodenojejunal flexure” (with a fun little 360 loop in front). Zoom out a bit.

 

QUESTION 11: The jejunum is mostly in which quadrant?

  • a. Upper right
  • b. Upper left
  • c. Lower right
  • d. Lower left
  1. Un-highlight the jejunum.
  2. Add and highlight the ileum. (Hint: if you can’t make out the distal end of the ileum, add the cecum.)

 

QUESTION 12: The ileum extends into and ends in which quadrant?

  • a. Upper right
  • b. Upper left
  • c. Lower right
  • d. Lower left
  1. Highlight the jejunum again.
  2. Add and highlight the superior mesenteric artery and vein, and the jejunal arteries and veins.
  3. Double click on the coronal cross section to make it bigger.
  4. Scroll to slice 608.
  5. Locate the superior mesenteric artery and vein on the cross section.

 

QUESTION 13: The SMA is on the ________ and the SMV is on the _______.

  • a. Right / left
  • b. Left / right

 

  1. Use the down arrow to scroll UP in slice number and watch the distribution of the SMA and SMV into the jejunal arteries and veins. Watch the travel toward the jejunum and ileum.
  2. Un-highlight the jejunum and ileum.
  3. Add the liver (but don’t highlight it).
  4. Add and highlight the cecum and ascending colon.
  5. Note the much thicker gage of the colon, compared to the small intestine.
  6. Add and highlight the transverse colon.
  7. Note the location of the left colic flexure near the spleen. Rotate the model as needed.
  8. Double click on the sagittal cross section to make it bigger.
  9. Scroll to slice 971. The transverse colon should be highlighted.

 

QUESTION 14: There is another hollow organ directly superior to the transverse colon. What is it?

_____________________

  1. Add and highlight the descending colon.
  2. Rotate to see its relationship with the jejunum.
  3. Add and highlight the sigmoid colon and the rectum.
  4. Add and highlight the following arteries: SMA, IMA, ileocolic, left colic, middle colic, right colic, sigmoid, and superior rectal. Rotate as needed to answer the following question.

 

QUESTION 15: Match the arteries with their origin (write A or B)

____ Ileocolic a.                                        A. Superior mesenteric a.

____ Right colic a.                                     B. Inferior mesenteric a.

____ Middle colic a.

____ Left colic a.

____ Sigmoid a.

____ Superior rectal a.

 

QUESTION 16: Does this person have an appendix?

    • a. Yes
    • b. No